What physiological effect is commonly associated with fluid overload?

Fluid overload commonly leads to hypertension, which is an increase in blood pressure due to the excessive volume of fluid in the circulatory system. When there is more fluid present, the heart has to pump harder to accommodate the increased volume, resulting in elevated pressure against the arterial walls. This can put a strain on the cardiovascular system and may lead to complications if not managed appropriately.

In contrast, dehydration is characterized by a deficit of fluid, hyperglycemia involves elevated blood sugar levels, and hypokalemia refers to low potassium levels in the blood. These are not direct consequences of fluid overload. Thus, hypertension is the physiological effect most directly associated with the condition of having excessive fluid in the body.