What accompanies perioperative insulin resistance of glucose metabolism?

Perioperative insulin resistance in glucose metabolism is closely related to various electrolyte disturbances, with potassium disturbance being particularly significant. During the stress of surgery, the body releases counter-regulatory hormones such as glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol, which can lead to an increase in blood glucose levels. This insulin resistance can also affect potassium levels.

During the perioperative period, patients may experience shifts in potassium levels due to several factors, including changes in renal function, administration of intravenous fluids, or the effects of medications used during the procedure. The increase in serum potassium can lead to complications, particularly if it approaches dangerously high levels, which can affect cardiac rhythms and muscle function.

While calcium and sodium/bicarbonate disturbances can occur in the perioperative setting, their association with insulin resistance specifically is less direct. The relationship between insulin resistance and potassium levels is well-established, making potassium disturbance the most relevant option in relation to the concept of insulin resistance during surgery.